瓶子由灌装机转盘带动绕主立轴旋转运动进行连续灌装。
The bottle is driven by the rotating disc of the filling machine to carry on the rotation of the main shaft and carry out continuous filling.
此机主要由流体输送（即供料系统）、容器输送（即供瓶系统）、灌装阀、大转盘、传动系统、机体、自控等部分所组成。
This machine is mainly composed of fluid delivery (feeding system), container conveying (i.e. bottle feeding system), filling valve, large turntable, transmission system, organism, automatic control and so on.
灌装机的灌装方法：
The filling method of the filling machine is:
1）常压法
1) normal pressure method
常压法也称纯重力法，即在常压下，液料依靠自重流进包装容器内。大部分能自由流动的不含气液料都可用此法灌装，例如白酒、果酒、牛奶、酱油、醋等。
The normal pressure method is also called the pure gravity method, that is, under the normal pressure, the liquid material flows into the packing container depending on the self weight. Most of the free flow free gas - liquid materials can be filled with this method, such as liquor, fruit wine, milk, soy sauce, vinegar and so on.
（2）等压法
(2) isobaric method
等压法也称压力重力式灌装法，即在高于大气压的条件下，首先对包装容器充气，使之形成与贮液箱内相等的气压，然后再依靠被灌液料的自重流进包装容器内。这种方法普遍用于含气饮料，如啤酒、汽水、汽酒等的灌装。采用此种方法灌装，可以减少这类产品中所含CO2的损失，并能防止灌装过程中过量起泡而影响产品质量和定量精度。
The isobaric method is also called the pressure gravity filling method, that is, under the condition of higher air pressure, we first inflate the packing container, make it equal to the air pressure in the storage tank, and then rely on the gravity of the injected liquid to flow into the packaging container. This method is widely used in beverages, such as beer, soda water, sparkling wine filling etc.. Filling with this way can reduce the loss of CO2 contained in such products and prevent excessive foaming in filling process, which will affect product quality and quantitative accuracy.
（3）真空法
(3) vacuum method
真空法是在低于大气压的条件下进行灌装的，可按两种方式进行：
The vacuum method is filled under the condition of lower atmospheric pressure, and can be carried out in two ways:
（a）压差真空式
(a) pressure difference vacuum
即贮液箱内处于常压，只对包装容器抽气使之形成真空，液料依靠贮液箱与待灌容器间的压差作用产生流动而完成灌装，国内此种方法较常用。
That is to say, in the liquid storage box, it is at atmospheric pressure, and only vacuum is drawn to the packing container to form vacuum. The liquid material is filled by the pressure difference between the liquid storage tank and the container to be irrigated, which is more commonly used in China.
（b）重力真空式
(b) gravity vacuum
即贮液箱内处于真空，包装容器首先抽气使之形成与贮液箱内相等的真空，随后液料依靠自重流进包装容器内，因结构较复杂，国内较少用。真空法灌装应用面较广，它即适用于灌装粘度稍大的液体物料，如油类、糖浆等。也适用于灌装含维生素的液体物料，如蔬菜汁、果子汁等，瓶内形成真空就意味着减少了液料与空气的接触，延长了产品的保质期，真空法还适用于灌装有毒的物料，如农药等，以减少毒性气体的外溢，改善劳动条件。
That is, the vacuum is in the liquid storage box, and the packing container first draws air to form the same vacuum as the liquid storage box, and then the liquid material flows into the packaging container by gravity. Because of its complex structure, it is seldom used in China. Vacuum filling is widely used in filling, which is suitable for filling liquid material with a large viscosity, such as oil, syrup, etc. Apply to filling liquid material containing the vitamin, such as vegetable juice, fruit juice, bottle to form a vacuum means less liquid and air contact, prolong the shelf life of the products, vacuum method is also applicable to the filling of toxic materials, such as pesticides, to reduce the spillover of toxic gases, improve labor condition.
（4）压力法
(4) pressure method
利用机械压力或气压，将被灌物料挤入包装容器内，这种方法主要用于灌装粘度较大的稠性物料，例如灌装番茄酱、肉糜、牙膏、香脂等。有时也可用于汽水一类软饮料的灌装，这时靠汽水本身的气压直接灌入未经充气等压的瓶内，从而提高了灌装速度，形成的泡沫因汽水中无胶体尚易消失，对灌装质量有一定影响。
The use of mechanical pressure or pressure, will be poured into the material in the container, this method is mainly used for filling of high viscosity material consistency, such as meat, tomato paste, toothpaste balsam. Sometimes it can also be used for filling a soft drink of soft drinks. It is directly injected into the uninflated and isobaric bottle by the pressure of the steam water, thus increasing the filling speed. The foam formed is still easy to disappear because of no colloid in the steam water, which has a certain effect on the filling quality.
本论文灌装机灌装方法的确定：
In this paper, the filling method of filling machine is determined.
对于一般的食用液料如瓶装牛奶、瓶装酒类、碳酸饮料等，可采用等压灌装法，真空灌装法等，但考虑到成本，等压灌装法可以有效的减少CO2的损耗，保持含气饮料的质量，并能防止灌装中过量泛泡，保证灌装计量准确。所以本论文采用等压灌装法。
For general edible liquid materials such as bottled milk, bottled drinks, carbonated drinks, the isobaric filling method, vacuum filling method, but taking into account the cost of pressure filling method can effectively reduce CO2 loss, maintain the quality of beverages containing gas, and to prevent the excessive pan bubble filling, filling the measurement accuracy guarantee. So this paper adopts the equal pressure filling method.
瓶子在灌装机中依次完成：1、进气，2、进液回气；3、停止进液；4、排除余液等4个步骤。同时生产线上的各种检测状态传感器全部接入到PLC中，由PLC根据传感器的检测状态通过编制好的程序控制整个系统工作。
The bottle is completed in order in the filling machine: 1, air intake, 2, feed back to the gas; 3, stop the liquid; 4, remove the remaining liquid and other 4 steps. At the same time, all kinds of detection status sensors on the production line are all connected to PLC. The whole system is controlled by PLC according to the detection state of sensors.
灌装阀组件由液体阀、注气管、气阀、定心罩、排气阀等组成
The filling valve components are composed of a liquid valve, a gas injection, a valve, a centering cover, a exhaust valve, etc.
PLC采集信号：
PLC acquisition signal:
1. 灌装机瓶子托盘压力
Bottle tray pressure of 1. filling machine
2. 定心罩压力
2. centering pressure
3. 气阀气压
3. valve pressure
4. 次品捡出器压力
4. secondary collector pressure
5. 最高液压力
5. maximum liquid pressure
6. 最低液压力
6. minimum liquid pressure
PLC输出信号：
PLC output signal:
1. 传送带
1. conveyor belt
2. 瓶子托盘
2. bottle tray
3. 气阀
3. valve
4. 灌装阀
4. filling valve
5. 次品指示灯
5. secondary indicator light
6. 次品传送带
6. secondary conveyor belt
7. 次品捡出器
7. secondary collector
8. 进料阀
8. feed valve
9. 回气管
9. trachea
10. 压盖机
10. capping machine
11. 包装机
11. packing machine
正常工作流程
Normal workflow
按下启动按钮，传递轮子和灌装机启动。再按下传送带启动按钮，灌装机的进瓶传送带启动。瓶子进入传送带以后，通过传递轮子将瓶子等间距送入瓶子托盘升降机构。当托盘检测到压力以后，托盘活塞给托盘升降机构一个压力，托盘开始带着瓶子上升。在托盘上升的时间内，最大上升时间为6S，如果注液口定心中罩检测到压力，则托盘停止上升，然后气阀打开，开始对瓶子充CO2。最大充气时间为6S。当气阀检测到气压，则停止充CO2，液阀开启，开始灌装。灌装时间为6S。灌装完毕以后，托盘开始下降，下降过程中同时关闭液阀，回气管工作，开启排气和除余液操作。下降完毕的瓶子再转过一定的角度由传递轮子送出，同时瓶子托盘向前继续行进进入下一个循环。
Press the start button to transfer the wheel and the filling machine to start. Press the belt start button again, and the filling machine's bottle conveyor belt is started. After the bottle enters the conveyor belt, the bottles are sent to the bottle lift mechanism by passing the wheels. When the pressure was detected in the tray, the tray piston gave a pressure to the tray lifter, and the tray began to rise with the bottle. During the time of pallet rising, the maximum rise time is 6S. If the pressure is detected in the nozzle, the tray will stop rising. Then the air valve opens and starts to charge CO2 to the bottle. The maximum inflated time is 6S. When air pressure is detected in the valve, the CO2 is stopped, the liquid valve opens, and the filling begins. The filling time is 6S. After the filling is finished, the tray begins to fall, and the liquid valve is closed at the same time, and the pipe is returned to the pipe to open the exhaust and remove the residual fluid. The dropped bottle turns to a certain angle and is sent out by the transfer wheel, while the bottle tray continues to move forward into the next cycle.
当检测到次品时：
When the defective product is detected:
1.当次品为爆瓶时
1. when the defective product is a flask
接正常灌装流程,当最大托盘时间上升6S到时，注液口定心中罩没检测到压力（瓶子为爆瓶，高度不足），则托盘开始下降，同时次品提示灯亮，托盘下降的时间6S。下降完毕托盘等待进入下一次循环。同时次品检出器启动。
After the normal filling process, when the maximum tray time increased by 6S, the pressure of the inner lid of the injection port was not detected. The tray began to decline, while the inferior indicator lights were bright, and the time of pallet dropping was 6S. Down the end of the tray waiting to enter the next cycle. At the same time, the secondary detectable device is started.
2. 次品为破瓶时：
The 2. product is when the bottle is broken:
接正常灌装流程，当最大充气时间6S到时，气阀没有检测到气压（破瓶，CO2充不满），则停止充CO2，同时瓶子托盘开始下降，次品提示灯亮，托盘下降时间为6S，下降完毕托盘等待进入下一次循环，
The normal filling process, when the maximum charging time 6S when the valve is not detected pressure (broken bottle, CO2 filling), then stop the charge CO2, at the same time the bottle tray began to decline, defective light, the tray down time is 6S, decreased after waiting to enter the next pallet circulation,