据世界卫生组织发布的资料显示，全世界新发肝癌病例有50% 以上在中国。而在中国，每天约1万人确诊癌症，平均每分钟就有7人确诊，肝癌的病死率居第二位，仅次于肺癌。在人们眼里，肝癌就是名副其实的“癌王”。然而，肝癌只要早发现，就没有那么可怕，甚至无需手术治疗。
According to the information released by the WHO, more than 50% of the world's new cases of liver cancer are in China. In China, about 10 thousand people are diagnosed with cancer every day, with an average of 7 confirmed cases per minute, and the fatality rate of liver cancer ranks second, second only to lung cancer. In the eyes of people, liver cancer is the real "king of cancer". However, as long as the liver cancer is discovered early, it is not so terrible, and no surgery is needed.
专家指出，2厘米以内的早期肝癌不用做手术，用射频消融治疗即可，之后每三个月复查一次，10年生存率可达74%。射频消融的出现让原本无法通过手术、放疗、化疗治疗的肿瘤患者重获希望。
Experts pointed out that within 2 centimeters of the early stage of liver cancer without surgery, with radiofrequency ablation treatment, then every three months to review once, 10 years survival rate of 74%. The emergence of radiofrequency ablation has made it possible for the cancer patients who were unable to be treated by surgery, radiotherapy or chemotherapy.
射频消融针治疗肝癌的原理图。
The principle of radiofrequency ablation needle for the treatment of liver cancer.
什么是射频消融？
What is radiofrequency ablation?
射频消融是指在影像（CT、彩超）的引导下，经皮穿刺、将消融电极，准确刺入肿瘤部位，利用射频电波的能量将肿瘤组织加热到95℃，使肿瘤组织产生局部高温并完全坏死，从而达到治疗肿瘤的目的。目前，射频消融技术已广泛运用于各种实体瘤，特别对肝脏肿瘤而言，几乎成为了首选的标准疗法（已纳入医保），并且具有创伤小、治愈率高、费用低、并发症少的优点。
Radiofrequency ablation is refers to the image (CT, ultrasound) guided percutaneous puncture, the ablation electrode, accurate puncture tumor, using radiofrequency energy to the tumor tissue is heated to 95 DEG C, the tumor tissue to produce a local high temperature and complete necrosis, so as to achieve the purpose of treatment of cancer. At present, radiofrequency ablation technology has been widely used in various solid tumors, especially for liver tumors. It has almost become the first standard treatment (has been included in medical insurance), and has the advantages of small trauma, high cure rate, low cost and fewer complications.
射频消融系统一般包含射频发生器、消融电极和皮肤电极，三者与人体组织一起构成一个完整的回路。将电极针直接刺入人体病变组织，射频发生器产生高频交变电流（常用频率200-500 kHz），电流从电极针末端的裸露部分进入周围组织，使得电极针周围组织内的极性分子和离子振动、摩擦，继而转化为热能。随着手术的继续，热能逐渐向外周传导，可使组织内的温度超过60℃，病变组织发生随之不可逆地热凝固变性及坏死，达到治疗目的。
Radiofrequency ablation systems generally include radiofrequency generators, ablation electrodes and skin electrodes, which constitute a complete loop with human tissue. The electrode needle directly into the body tissues, RF generator generates high frequency alternating current (common frequency 200-500 kHz), the current from the exposed part of the needle electrode tip into the surrounding tissue, the polar molecules and ions around the needle electrode vibration and friction within the organization, and then transformed into heat. As the operation continues, the heat energy is gradually transmitted outward, enabling the temperature in the tissue to exceed 60 degrees, and the pathological tissue will undergo irreversible geothermal coagulation, degeneration and necrosis, so as to achieve the purpose of treatment.
射频消融系统由射频发生器、消融电极和皮肤电极组成。
The radiofrequency ablation system consists of a radiofrequency generator, a ablation electrode and a skin electrode.
冷极射频消融系统
Radiofrequency radiofrequency ablation system
使用常规射频消融术时，随着电极温度升高，会出现局部高温，在电极表面形成血栓、焦痂和炭化，会影响能量输出和消融效果。因此，为了提高消融效率和手术成功率，可以采用冷极射频消融系统。
The use of conventional radiofrequency ablation, with the electrode temperature rise, there will be a local high temperature, thrombosis, eschar and carbonization on the electrode surface, will affect the output power and ablation effect. Therefore, in order to improve the efficiency of ablation and the success rate of surgery, a cold radiofrequency ablation system can be used.
冷极射频消融系统能提高肿瘤治疗手术的成功率。
Cold radiofrequency radiofrequency ablation system can improve the success rate of tumor treatment.
冷极射频消融系统采用含内置管的电极针，通过冷循环泵，将冷盐水持续泵入电极针中。内置管电极针具有封闭式和开放式两种：
The cold polar radiofrequency ablation system adopts the electrode needle containing the built-in tube, and through the cold circulation pump, the cold water is continuously pumped into the electrode needle. The inner tube electrode needle has two kinds of closed and open type.
封闭式：冷盐水不进入血液循环或待消融组织，通过冷盐水在电极内部循环，来降低电极针末端和临近组织的温度。
Closed type: cold saline does not enter the blood circulation or the tissue to be ablated, circulate through the cold brine inside the electrode, so as to reduce the temperature of the electrode tip and the adjacent tissue.
开放式：电极针末端具有冷盐水出口，冷盐水直接冲刷电极针末端和组织表面然后进入血液，以此来直接冷却消融电极和周围组织。
Open type: the end of the electrode needle has the outlet of the cold brine, the cold saline directly scour the electrode tip and the tissue surface and then enter the blood, so as to directly cool the ablation electrode and surrounding tissue.
冷极射频消融方法降低了电极末端的温度，减轻电极附近组织的炭化和气化现象，降低组织的阻抗，提高放电输出功率，使得损伤深度增加，从而保证了射频消融的有效性。在临床实践中常规电极消融无效时，可应用冷极消融。
The cold pole radiofrequency ablation method reduces the temperature at the end of the electrode, lightens the carbonization and vaporization phenomena near the electrode, reduces the impedance of the tissue, increases the discharge power and increases the damage depth, thus ensuring the effectiveness of the radiofrequency ablation. Cold electrode ablation can be applied when conventional electrode ablation is not effective in clinical practice.
蠕动泵在射频消融中的应用
The application of peristaltic pump in radiofrequency ablation
某射频消融系统的制造厂家采用了兰格公司的蠕动泵（www.longerpump.com.cn），配套在其冷极射频消融系统上，作为冷循环泵，将冷盐水持续泵入内置管电极针中来冷却电极针和组织，以保证电极针末端及周围组织的表面温度低于70℃，使针尖组织不会发生炭化、焦痂等问题，提高消融效率、缩短消融时间、提高消融成功率。
A manufacturer of radiofrequency ablation system using a peristaltic pump Lange company (www.longerpump.com.cn), supporting in the radiofrequency ablation system, as the cold circulating pump, the cold saline continued to pump into the tube with the needle electrode to cool the electrode needle and organization, to ensure that the surface temperature at the end of the needle electrode and surrounding tissue is lower than 70 C, the organization will not tip problem carbonization, eschar, improve the ablation efficiency and shorten the time and improve the success rate of ablation ablation.
某射频消融系统厂家用兰格公司的蠕动泵来冷却内置管电极针和组织。
A radiofrequency ablation system manufacturer uses Lange's peristaltic pump to cool the inner tube electrode needle and tissue.
该射频消融系统厂家对蠕动泵的要求是：
The requirements of the radiofrequency ablation system manufacturers for peristaltic pumps are:
严格无菌操作，避免术中患者感染。
Strictly aseptic operation to avoid the infection of the patients during the operation.
针对开放式电极针，要求蠕动泵的流量较小，为十几毫升每分钟至几十毫升每分钟。而针对封闭式电极针，要求蠕动泵的流量较大，为150-200 ml/min。
In view of the open electrode needle, the flow rate of the peristaltic pump is less than ten milliliters per minute to tens of milliliters per minute. For the closed electrode needle, the flow rate of the peristaltic pump is 150-200 ml/min.
蠕动泵的工作噪音小于60 dBA。
The working noise of the peristaltic pump is less than 60 dBA.
对此，兰格公司的蠕动泵解决方案是：
In this regard, the solution of Langer's peristaltic pump is:
G700蠕动泵 + YZ1515X泵头 + 14# Tygon S3 E-LFL软管
G700 peristaltic pump + YZ1515X pump head + 14# Tygon S3 E-LFL hose
该方案提供140 ml/min的流量，泵上电即可运行，无需再提供控制信号，操作极其简单方便。
The scheme provides 140 ml/min of the flow, the pump can run on power, without the need to provide control signal, operation is extremely simple and convenient.
BT100-2J蠕动泵 + YZ1515X泵头 + 16# Tygon S3 E-LFL软管
BT100-2J peristaltic pump + YZ1515X pump head + 16# Tygon S3 E-LFL hose
该方案提供1.6-76 ml/min的流量范围。流量可手动调节，也可通过接收外部控制器发出的控制信号，实现冷却系统流量的自动调节，根据病人的身体情况，实时调节流量，以维持电极针在较低温度。并且BT100-2J还可接受脚踏开关信号，在手术中可通过脚踏板控制冷却系统的启动和停止，便于医护人员的手术顺利进行。
The scheme provides the traffic range of 1.6-76 ml/min. The flow can be manually adjusted. It can also automatically control the flow of the cooling system by receiving the control signals from the external controller, adjusting the flow rate in real time according to the patient's physical condition, so as to maintain the electrode pin at a lower temperature. Besides, BT100-2J can also accept foot switch signals. During operation, the start and stop of cooling system can be controlled by pedals, so that the operation of medical staff can be carried out smoothly.
G700型蠕动泵（左）和BT100-2J型蠕动泵（右）。
G700 type peristaltic pump (left) and BT100-2J type peristaltic pump (right).
兰格的蠕动泵通过挤压软管输送液体，液体只与管路内壁接触，且管路中无需阀门和密封件，完全避免了传输液体和泵之间的交叉污染。通过使用满足卫生等级要求的一次性管路，即可确保冷极射频消融手术
Lange's peristaltic pump transfers liquid through the extruding hose. The liquid only contacts with the inner wall of the pipeline, and the valve and seals are not needed in the pipeline, so that the cross contamination between the transmission liquid and the pump is avoided. The radiofrequency ablation operation of the cold pole can be ensured by using a disposable pipe that meets the requirements of the hygienic grade