一、流体介绍
I. fluid introduction

 
流体是与固体相对应的一种物体形态，是液体和气体的总称.由大量的、不断地作热运动而且无固定平衡位置的分子构成的，它的基本特征是没有一定的形状并且具有流动性。流体都有一定的可压缩性，液体可压缩性很小，而气体的可压缩性较大，在流体的形状改变时，流体各层之间也存在一定的运动阻力（即粘滞性） 。当流体的粘滞性和可压缩性很小时，可近似看作是理想流体，它是人们为研究流体的运动和状态而引入的一个理想模型。是液压传动和气压传动的介质。
Fluid is a new form of the object corresponding to the solid, liquid and gas. By a lot of, constantly thermal motion and molecular without fixed equilibrium position, the shape of the basic feature of it is not certain and liquid. Fluid has certain compressibility of fluid compressibility is very small, and the compressibility of the gas is larger, in the shape of the fluid changes, fluid between the layers also exists certain motion resistance (viscosity). When fluid viscosity and compressibility are very small, it can be regarded as ideal fluid, which is an ideal model introduced by people to study the movement and state of fluid. It is the medium of hydraulic transmission and pneumatic transmission.

 
1、流体的基本概念：
1. Basic concepts of fluid:

 
（1）液体的密度：液体的密度随压力的变化较小，可以忽略其影响，所以常称液体为不可压缩的流体，但液体的密度随温度升高而下降。
(1) the density of the fluid: the density of the fluid along with the change of pressure is small, can ignore its impact, so often called liquid incompressible fluid, but the density of the fluid with temperature rise and fall.

 
（2）气体的密度：气体的密度随压力和温度的变化较大，是可压缩性流体。当压力不太高、温度不太低时，气体的密度可近似地按理想气体处理。
(2) density of gas: the density of gas varies greatly with pressure and temperature, and is compressible fluid. When the pressure is not too high and the temperature is not too low, the density of the gas can be approximated to the ideal gas.

 
2、流体的定义和分类
2. Definition and classification of fluids

 
（1）按状态分为气体、液体和超临界流体超临界流体：当流体所处的状态在临界点以上，称为超临界流体（SCF).
(1) the state is divided into the supercritical fluid of gas, liquid and supercritical fluid: when the state of the fluid is above the critical point, it is called supercritical fluid (SCF).

 
（2）按可压缩性可分为不可压缩流体和可压缩流体
(2) the compressibility can be divided into incompressible and compressible fluids

 
（3）按流体的流变特性分为牛顿型和非牛顿型流体
(3) fluid rheological properties are divided into Newtonian and non-newtonian fluids

 
牛顿型流体：其流变特性满足牛顿粘性定律。若满足牛顿粘性定律的流体称为牛顿型流体。
Newtonian fluid: its rheological properties meet Newton's law of viscosity. The fluid that satisfies Newton's law of viscosity is called a Newtonian fluid.

 
非牛顿型流体：其流变特性不满足牛顿粘性定律。
Non-newtonian fluid: its rheological properties do not satisfy Newton's law of viscosity.

 
①宾汉型流体：泥浆、水煤浆、纸浆、牙膏、含悬浮颗粒的污水等。
The type of fluid: mud, coal slurry, pulp, toothpaste, suspended particles, etc.

 
②胀流型流体：湿的海沙浆、高浓度粉末悬浮液等。
Flow fluid: wet sea-sand slurry, high concentration powder suspension.

 
假塑型流体：润滑脂、淀粉悬浮液等。
Plastic fluid: grease, starch suspension, etc.

 
3、流体特性
3. Fluid characteristics

 
（1）流动性—即抗剪、抗张的能力很小，易变形。
(1) fluidity -- that is, shear resistance and tensile resistance are small and easy to deform.

 
（2）无固定形状，易变形
(2) no fixed shape, easy to deform

 
随容器形状，气体能充满整个密闭容器的空间。
With the shape of the container, the gas fills the space of the entire airtight container.

 
4、作用在流体上的力
4. The force acting on the fluid

 
外界作用于流体上的力有两种：质量力和表面力
There are two kinds of forces acting on fluid: mass and surface force

 
①质量力：又称体积力。质量力作用于流体的每个质点上，并与流体的质量成正比，对于均质流体也与流体的体积成正比。
Mass force: also called volume force. The mass force is applied to each particle of the fluid and is proportional to the mass of the fluid, which is also proportional to the volume of the fluid.

 
②表面力：又称接触力或机械力。表面力与流体的表面积成正比。作用于流体中任一微小表面上的力又可分为两类，即垂直于表面的力和平行于表面的力。前者称为压力，后者称为剪力。流体机械是以流体为工作介质来转换能量的机械。通常包括水轮机、汽轮机、燃气轮机、膨胀机、风力机、泵、通风机、压缩机、液力耦合器、液力变矩器、风动工具、气动马达和液压马达等。主要体现在能源、机械、航空、航天和水利等领域的需求。
Surface force: contact force or mechanical force. The surface force is proportional to the surface area of the fluid. The force acting on any small surface in a fluid can be divided into two classes, namely, the force that is perpendicular to the surface and the force on the surface. The former is called pressure and the latter is called shear. Fluid machinery is a machine that transforms energy into a working medium. Usually include water turbine, steam turbine, gas turbine, expander, wind turbine, pump, fan, compressor, hydraulic coupling, hydraulic torque converter, pneumatic tools, pneumatic motor and hydraulic motor, etc. It is mainly embodied in energy, machinery, aviation, aerospace and water conservancy and other fields.

 

 

 
二、什么是流体机械
2. What is a fluid machine

 
流体机械针对的对象是机械设备，这种机械设备以流体（液体或气体）为工作介质和能量的载体。应用最广泛的流体机械一种是容积式流体机械，一种是叶片式流体机械。
The object of a fluid mechanism is mechanical equipment, which is a carrier of fluid (liquid or gas) for work medium and energy. One of the most widely used fluid machines is a volumetric fluid machine, and a vane type fluid machine.

 
他们分类的区别源于流体与机械之间的作用方式。容积式流体机械的工作介质是处于工作腔中，相互作用力主要是静压力（比如往复泵）；叶片式流体机械能量转换是在带有叶片的转子与介质之间进行，作用力是惯性力（比如风力机）。当然，还有一些其他的流体机械，比如射流泵、内燃泵等等，能量转换的方式是比较多样的。
The difference between them is due to the way fluid and machinery work. The working medium of volumetric fluid machinery is in the working chamber, and the interaction force is mainly static pressure (such as reciprocating pump). The blade type fluid mechanical energy conversion is carried out between the rotor and the medium with blades, and the force is the inertial force (such as the wind turbine). Of course, there are other fluid machines, such as jet pumps, internal combustion pumps, and so on.

 
流体机械大的模块主要分为两类，一类是关于液体的，称为水力机械，一类是关于气体的，称为热力机械。对液体做功的输送机械-泵，对气体做功的输送机械-风机，压缩机，通风机等。由于不同的物料（腐蚀性-酸碱、粘度高-润滑油）不同的输送要求（高压，大流量）等对输送机械具有不同的性能要求，所以泵，风机，压缩机的种类繁多。
The large module of fluid machinery is divided into two categories, one is the liquid, it is called hydraulic machinery, the other is about the gas, it is called the thermal machinery. The conveyance machinery - pump, which is the work of the liquid, the conveying machinery - blower, compressor, ventilator, etc. Due to the different materials (corrosive acid and alkali, high viscosity lubricating oil) different delivery requirements (such as high pressure, high flow rate) for conveying machinery has different performance requirements, so the pump, fan, there are many types of compressor.

 
三、液体机械——泵的发展史
Three, liquid machinery -- the development history of pump

 
泵是输送液体或使液体增压的机械。它将原动机的机械能或其他外部能量传送给液体，使液体能量增加。泵主要用来输送液体包括水、油、酸碱液、乳化液、悬乳液和液态金属等，也可输送液体、气体混合物以及含悬浮固体物的液体。生活及工业生产中我们已经离不开泵。
A pump is a machine that transports liquid or supercharged a liquid. It transfers the mechanical energy of the original motive or other external energy to the liquid to increase the liquid energy. The pump is mainly used to transport liquids including water, oil, acid lye, emulsion, suspension emulsion and liquid metal, etc., can also transport liquid, gas mixture and liquid containing suspended solids. We can't live without pumps in our life and industrial production.

 
水的提升对于人类生活和生产都十分重要。古代就已有各种提水器具，例如埃及的链泵(公元前17世纪)，中国的桔槔(公元前17世纪)、辘轳(公元前11世纪)和水车(公元1世纪)。比较著名的还有公元前三世纪，阿基米德发明的螺旋杆，可以平稳连续地将水提至几米高处，其原理仍为现代螺杆泵所利用。
The elevation of water is very important to human life and production. Ancient times has had a variety of water appliances, such as Egypt's chain pump (17th century BC), China's shadoof (17th century BC), jigger (11th century BC) and the water wheel (the 1st century AD). In the third century b.c., Archimedes invented the spiral rod which can continuously lift water up to a few meters, and its principle is still used by modern screw pumps.

 
公元前200年左右，古希腊工匠克特西比乌斯发明的灭火泵是一种最原始的活塞泵，已具备典型活塞泵的主要元件，但活塞泵只是在出现了蒸汽机之后才得到迅速发展。
Around 200 BC, the ancient Greek craftsmen invented by Kurt west than uz fire pump is one of the most primitive piston pump, has typical piston pump's main components, but the piston pump only after the steam engine got rapid development.

 
1840-1850年，美国沃辛顿发明泵缸和蒸汽缸对置的，蒸汽直接作用的活塞泵，标志着现代活塞泵的形成。19世纪是活塞泵发展的高潮时期，当时已用于水压机等多种机械中。然而随着需水量的剧增，从20世纪20年代起，低速的、流量受到很大限制的活塞泵逐渐被高速的离心泵和回转泵所代替。但是在高压小流量领域往复泵仍占有主要地位，尤其是隔膜泵、柱塞泵独具优点，应用日益增多。
In 1840-1850, worthington invented the piston pump, which is the direct action of the pump cylinder and steam cylinder, which marked the formation of the modern piston pump. The 19th century was the culmination of the development of piston pumps, which were used in various machines such as hydraulic presses. However, with the increase in water demand, the piston pumps, which have been severely restricted since the 1920s, are gradually replaced by high-speed centrifugal pumps and rotary pumps. But in the high pressure small flow area reciprocating pump still occupies the main position, especially the diaphragm pump, plunger pump has the advantage, the application is more and more.

 
回转泵的出现与工业上对液体输送的要求日益多样化有关。早在1588年就有了关于四叶片滑片泵的记载，以后陆续出现了其他各种回转泵，但直到19世纪回转泵仍存在泄漏大、磨损大和效率低等缺点。20世纪初，人们解决了转子润滑和密封等问题，并采用高速电动机驱动，适合较高压力、中小流量和各种粘性液体的回转泵才得到迅速发展。回转泵的类型和适宜输送的液体种类之多为其他各类泵所不及。
The emergence of rotary pump is related to the increasing demand for liquid transportation in industry. As early as in 1588 had about four blade vane pump, later emerged in succession various rotary pump, but it was not until the 19th century rotary pump there are still large leakage, wear and low efficiency of disadvantage. At the beginning of the 20th century, people can solve the problem of rotor lubrication and sealing, and use high speed motor drive, suitable for high pressure, small flow and all kinds of viscous liquid rotary pump got rapid development. The type of rotary pump and the kind of liquid suitable for conveying are not as good as other kinds of pumps.

 
利用离心力输水的想法最早出现在列奥纳多·达芬奇所作的草图中。1689年，法国物理学家帕潘发明了四叶片叶轮的蜗壳离心泵。但更接近于现代离心泵的，则是1818年在美国出现的具有径向直叶片、半开式双吸叶轮和蜗壳的所谓马萨诸塞泵。1851～1875年，带有导叶的多级离心泵相继被发明，使得发展高扬程离心泵成为可能。
The idea of using centrifugal force to transport water first appeared in leonardo Da Vinci's sketches. In 1689, French physicist papan invented the volute centrifugal pump of four-leaf impeller. But closer to the modern centrifugal pump, the so-called Massachusetts pump, which appeared in the United States in 1818, has a radial straight blade, a semi-open double suction impeller and a volute. In 1851 ~ 1875, the multi-stage centrifugal pump with the guide vane was invented successively, making it possible to develop the high lift centrifugal pump.

 
尽管早在1754年，瑞士数学家欧拉就提出了叶轮式水力机械的基本方程式，奠定了离心泵设计的理论基础，但直到19世纪末，高速电动机的发明使离心泵获得理想动力源之后，它的优越性才得以充分发挥。在英国的雷诺和德国的普夫莱德雷尔等许多学者的理论研究和实践的基础上，离心泵的效率大大提高，它的性能范围和使用领域也日益扩大，已成为现代应用最广、产量最大的泵。
Although as early as in 1754, the Swiss mathematician euler proposed basic equations for impeller type hydraulic machinery, laid the theoretical basis of design of centrifugal pump, but it was not until the end of the 19th century, the invention of the high-speed motor centrifugal pump to obtain the ideal power source, to give full play to its superiority. Renault in the UK and Germany's puff dreier and many other scholars, on the basis of theory research and practice of centrifugal pump efficiency is greatly increased, the scope of its performance and use is also growing, has become a modern applied most widely, the largest output pump.

 
四、泵的分类
Iv. Classification of pumps

 
泵通常按工作原理分容积式泵、动力式泵和其他类型泵，如射流泵、水锤泵、电磁泵、气体升液泵。泵除按工作原理分类外，还可按其他方法分类和命名。例如，按驱动方法可分为电动泵和水轮泵等；按结构可分为单级泵和多级泵；按用途可分为锅炉给水泵和计量泵等；按输 送液体的性质可分为水泵、油泵和泥浆泵等。
Pumps are usually divided into volumetric pumps, power pumps and other types of pumps, such as jet pumps, water hammer pumps, electromagnetic pumps, and gas lift pumps. The pump shall be classified and named according to other methods according to the principle of work. For example, the driving method can be divided into electric pumps and water wheel pumps. The structure can be divided into single-stage pumps and multi-stage pumps; The utility can be divided into boiler feed pump and metering pump, etc. The properties of liquid are divided into water pumps, oil pumps and mud pumps.

 
1、泵的工作原理
1. How the pump works

 
容积式泵在一定转速或往复次数下的流量是一定的，几乎不随压力而改变；往复泵的流量和压力有较大脉动，需要采取相应的消减脉动措施；回转泵一般无脉动或只有小的脉动；具有自吸能力，泵启动后即能抽除管路中的空气吸入液体；启动泵时必须将排出管路阀门完全打开；往复泵适用于高压力和小流量；回转泵适用于中小流量和较高压力；往复泵适宜输送清洁的液体或气液混合物。总的来说，容积泵的效率高于动力式泵。动力式泵靠快速旋转的叶轮对液体的作用力，将机械能传递给液体，使其动能和压力能增加，然后再通过泵缸，将大部分动能转换为压力能而实现输送。
The volume type pump is constant in a certain speed or reciprocating frequency, and it is not changed with pressure. The flow and pressure of reciprocating pump are pulsating, and corresponding pulsation measures need to be taken. The rotary pump generally has no pulsation or small pulsation; It has the ability of self-priming, which can suck the air out of the pipe when it is started. When starting the pump, the discharge line valve must be fully opened. Reciprocating pump is suitable for high pressure and low flow. The rotary pump is suitable for medium and small flow and high pressure. The reciprocating pump is suitable for conveying clean liquid or gas-liquid mixture. In general, the volume pump is more efficient than the power pump. Power pump by the fast rotating impeller on the liquid force, pass mechanical energy to the liquid, make its kinetic energy and pressure can increase, and then through the pump cylinder, will be carrying can and do most of the kinetic energy is converted to pressure.

 
动力式泵又称叶轮式泵或叶片式泵。离心泵是最常见的动力式泵。动力式泵在一定转速下产生的扬程有一限定值，扬程随流量而改变；工作稳定，输送连续，流量和压力无脉动；一般无自吸能力，需要将泵先灌满液体或将管路抽成真空后才能开始工作 ；适用性能范围广；适宜输送粘度很小的清洁液体，特殊设计的泵可输送泥浆、污水等或水输固体物。动力式泵主要用于给水、排水、灌溉、流程液体输送、电站蓄能、液压传动和船舶喷射推进等。
Dynamic pump is also called impeller type pump or vane type pump. Centrifugal pump is the most common dynamic pump. The lift of the dynamic pump at a certain speed has a finite value, which changes with the flow. Stable work, continuous flow, no pulsation of flow and pressure; Generally no self-absorption capacity, the pump needs to fill the liquid first or the pipe can be pumped into a vacuum before starting to work; The applicable performance scope is wide; Suitable for transporting clean liquid with very small viscosity, specially designed pumps can carry mud, sewage, etc., or water transport solids. Power pump is mainly used for water supply, drainage, irrigation, process liquid transportation, power station storage, hydraulic transmission and ship jet propulsion.

 
其他类型的泵是指以另外的方式传递能量的一类泵。例如射流泵是依靠高速喷射出的工作流体 ，将需要输送的流体吸入泵内，并通过两种流体混合进行动量交换来传递能量；水锤泵是利用流动中的水被突然制动时产生的能量，使其中的一部分水压升到一定高度；电磁泵是使通电的液态金属在电磁力作用下 ，产生流动而实现输送；气体升液泵通过导管将压缩空气或其他压缩气体送至液体的最底层处，使之形成较液体轻的气液混合流体，再借管外液体的压力将混合流体压升上来。
Other types of pumps are pumps that deliver energy in other ways. The jet pump, for example, relies on a high-speed jet of working fluid, which pumps fluid into the pump and delivers energy through a mixture of two fluids. The water hammer pump is the energy produced by the sudden braking when the water in the flow is braking, and the part of the water pressure rises to a certain height. The electromagnetic pump is to make the liquid metal of the electric current to be transported by the force of electromagnetism. Air lift pump through the catheter to compressed air or compressed gas to the liquid at the bottom of the other, to form a liquid gas-liquid mixing of fluid, then borrow pipe outside the pressure of the liquid will come up mixed fluid pressure.

 
2、泵在生产生活中的应用
2. Application of pump in production and life

 
不锈钢冲压离心泵在用水系统中的应用，液控阀门校验泵站 ，主要用于小流量、高扬程的用水系统，如饮用水供应系统、压力锅炉供水系统、高纯度净水系统以及医药、食品、精细化工、造纸等行业的冲洗、喷洒等工艺过程。国家经贸委节能信息传播中心最近将不锈钢冲压离心泵列入“最佳节能实践案例研究”，并对该设备的应用及效益进行了分析。
Stainless steel stamping centrifugal pump in the water system, the application of hydraulic controlled check valve pump station, it is mainly used for small flow, high lift water system, such as water supply system, pressure boiler water supply system, high purity water purification system and food, fine chemical, pharmaceutical, paper making industries such as washing, spraying process, etc. The national economic and trade commission energy information dissemination center recently put the stainless steel stamping centrifugal pump into the "best energy-saving practice case study", and analyzed the application and benefit of the equipment.

 
据了解，传统铸造泵是通过制模、灌模、机械加工等复杂工艺制造，耗电、耗料、劳动强度大，严重污染环境，并且无法铸造出口宽度窄的小流量的叶轮。不锈钢冲压离心泵是采用冲压、焊接工艺制造，取代了传统的铸造工艺。泵体生产可节省材料70%以上，效率提高3%-5%，较易实现机械化与自动化批量生产，减少环境污染，减轻劳动强度。
It is understood that the traditional casting pump is through moulding, mold manufacturing, processing machinery, such as the complex process, power consumption, consumption of materials, labor intensity is big, serious environmental pollution, and can't width narrow small flow impeller casting exports. The stainless steel stamping centrifugal pump is made by stamping and welding process, replacing the traditional casting process. The production of pump body can save more than 70% of the material, and the efficiency is increased by 3% to 5%, which is easy to realize mechanization and automatic mass production, reduce environmental pollution and reduce labor intensity.

 
对于冲压离心泵生产厂家，生产2082台不锈钢冲压离心泵，新工艺比传统工艺节约不锈钢材料3.47吨，降低铸造电耗7634千瓦小时。对于洗瓶灌装机的用户，在满足生产要求的情况下，水泵的实际运行功率也从原来的2.18千瓦下降到2.11千瓦，每台节电3.2%。
For the stamping centrifugal pump manufacturer, the production of 2082 stainless steel stamping centrifugal pumps, the new process saves 3.47 tons of stainless steel material compared with the traditional process, and reduces the casting power consumption by 7634 KWH. For the users of the bottle filling machine, the actual running power of the water pump decreased from 2.18 kilowatts to 2.11 kw after the production requirement was met, and 3.2 percent of each power.

 
此外，由于该泵的重量轻、体积小、整体结构合理、维护方便，也减少了维护费用。根据国家统计局和中国机械工业联合会的统计数据，全国铸造泵类年需求量为457万台，合金铸造小流量泵每年需求在38万台以上。不锈钢冲压离心泵因其外形轻巧美观、效率高且价格比铸造泵低，是进口泵的一半，具有显著的经济效益，应用范围广，市场前景广阔。
In addition, because the weight of the pump is light, small volume, the whole structure is reasonable, maintenance is convenient, also reduce maintenance cost. According to the statistics of the national bureau of statistics and the China machinery industry federation, the annual demand for foundry pumps in China is 4.57 million, and the annual demand of the alloy casting small flow pump is over 380,000. The stainless steel stamping centrifugal pump is a half of the import pump because of its light and beautiful appearance, high efficiency and low price of casting pump. It has a remarkable economic benefit, wide application range and broad market prospect.

 
泵的发展趋势  泵的技术发展一如其他产业的发展一样，是由市场需求的推动取得的。如今，历史已进入到二十一世纪，人们在以环保、电子等领域高科技发展及世界可持续发展为主所产生的巨大需求的大背景下，对于包括泵行业在内的许多行业或领域都带来了技术的飞速变革和发展。
The development of pump development is driven by market demand, as is the development of other industries. Today, the history has entered into the 21st century, people in areas such as environmental protection, electronic high-tech development and sustainable development of the world mainly produced under the background of the huge demand, for many industries including pump industry or field brings the rapid changes of technology and development.

 
五、流体机械的应用领域
5. Application of fluid machinery

 
现代流体机械的应用是很广泛的，包括电力工业、水利工程、化学工业、石油工业等等，更多的它是作为一个能量传导的作用，只是在水利工程里占主导作用，其他行业更多是辅助作用。
The application of modern fluid machinery is very extensive, including the electric power industry, water conservancy, chemical industry, petroleum industry, and so on, more it is for the transmission of an energy function, is dominant role in water conservancy project, other industry is more a supplementary role.

 
六、泵的技术发展趋势
The development trend of pump technology

 
主要有以下几个方向：
There are several main directions:

 
1、产品的多元化
1. Diversification of products

 
产品的生命力在于市场的需求。如今的市场需求正是要求有各自的特色特点，做到与众不同；正是这一点，造就了泵产品的多元化趋势。它的多元性主要体现在泵输送介质的多样性、产品结构的差异性和运行要求的不同性等几个方面。
The vitality of the product lies in the demand of the market. Today's market demand is a requirement to have distinctive characteristics, to be different; It is this point that creates the diversification trend of pump products. Its pluralism is mainly reflected in the diversity of pump medium, the diversity of product structure and the inhomogeneity of operation requirements.

 
从输送介质的多样性来看，最早泵的输送对象为单一的水及其它可流动的液体、气体或浆体到现在可输送固液混合物、气液混合物、固液气混合物，直至输送活的物体如土豆、鱼等等。不同的输送对象对于泵的内部结构要求均不同。
From the perspective of the diversity of the medium, the earliest pump transportation and other objects into a single water flow of the liquid, gas or paste to the present can transport the solid-liquid mixture, the mixture of gas and liquid, solid and liquid gas mixture, until delivery to live objects such as potatoes, fish, etc. The internal structure of the pump is different for different delivery objects.

 
除了输送对象对泵的结构有不同要求外，在泵的安装形式、管道布置形式、维护维修等方面对泵的内在或外在的结构提出新要求。同时，各个生产厂商，在结构的设计上又加入了各自企业的理念，更加提高了泵结构的多元化程度。
In addition to the different requirements for the structure of the pump, new requirements on the internal or external structure of the pump are presented in terms of the installation of the pump, the arrangement of the pipes and the maintenance of the pump. At the same time, the various manufacturers have added the concept of their own enterprises to the design of the structure, which has enhanced the diversification of the pump structure.

 
基于可持续发展和环保的总体背景，泵的运行环境对泵的设计又提出了众多的要求，如泄漏减少、噪声振动降低、可靠性增加、寿命延长等等均对泵的设计提出了不同的侧重点或几个着重点并行均需考虑，也必然形成泵的多元化形式。
Based on the general background of the sustainable development and environmental protection, the pump running environment for the design of the pump and put forward many requirements, such as increased leakage to reduce vibration and noise reduction, reliability, longevity and so on are put forward for the design of the pump with different emphasis or focus of several parallel all needs to consider, also must form the diversified forms of pump.

 
2、泵设计水平提升与制造技术优化的有机结合
2. The organic combination of pump design level improvement and manufacturing technology optimization