一、全自动生化分析仪的定义：
I. definition of automatic biochemical analyzer:
所谓全自动生化分析仪，就是把分析过程中的取样、加试剂、混匀、保温反应、检测、结果计算和显示以及清洗等步骤进行自动化操作的生化分析仪器。由于自动化程度高且具有定标、自动校正功能，故主观误差和系统误差都相对较小，使用便利。
The so-called automatic biochemical analyzer, is the analysis in the
process of sampling, heat preservation, reagents, and mixed reaction,
detection, the calculation and display and cleaning procedure for
automation of biochemical analysis instrument. Because of the high
degree of automation and calibration and automatic correction function,
the subjective and systematic errors are relatively small and
convenient.
二、全自动生化分析仪的工作原理：
Ii. The working principle of automatic biochemical analyzer:
分光光度法，其基本测量原理依据比尔定律。
The spectrophotometric method is based on bill's law.
三、全自动生化分析仪结构及应用：
Iii. Structure and application of automatic biochemical analyzer:
它包裹分光光度计的主要组成部分：光源、单色器（F色散装置）比色池、检测器等；另外，它还包裹生化分析所需的特有部分，如加样系统、清洗系统、温控系统、软件系统等。其多用于常规生化、特殊蛋白和药物监测等检测，程序选择多样化，采用微机控制。可自由编程、可进行统计学处理。有的分析仪采用化学惰性“液囊式技术（capsule
chemistry technogy）”,将分析标本或试验项目严格隔离，(加样探针、试剂探针、比色杯保持清洁)防止交叉感染。
The main components of the spectrophotometer are: light source,
monochromator (F dispersion device), color pool, detector, etc. In
addition, it also packages the special parts needed for biochemical
analysis, such as the addition system, cleaning system, temperature
control system, software system, etc. It is used for detection of
routine biochemistry, special protein and drug monitoring. The program
chooses to be diversified and controlled by microcomputer. Free
programming and statistical processing. Some analyzer using chemical
inertness "sac type technology (capsule chemistry technogy)", will
analyze specimens or pilot projects strict isolation (add sample probe,
the reagent probe, colorimetric cup clean) to prevent cross infection.
（一）分类：
(I) classification:
按照反应装置的结构，自动生化分析仪主要分为流动式(Flow system)、分立式(Discrete system)两大类。
According to the structure of the reaction device, automatic biochemical
analyzer is mainly divided into two categories: Flow system and
Discrete system.
1．流动式指测定项目相同的各待测样品与试剂混合后的化学反应在同一管道流动的过程中完成。这是第一代自动生化分析仪。
1. The flow type refers to the process of the same process in which the
chemical reaction of the same test sample and the reagent is completed
during the same flow of the same pipe. This is the first generation of
automated biochemical analyzer.
2．分立式指各待测样品与试剂混合后的化学反应都是在各自的反应杯中完成。其中有几类分支。
2. The chemical reactions of each sample to be mixed with the reagent
are completed in the respective reaction cup. There are several
branches.
(1)典型分立式自动生化分析仪。此型仪器应用最广。
(1) typical vertical automatic biochemical analyzer. This type of instrument is widely used.
(2)离心式自动生化分析仪，每个待测样品都是在离心力的作用下，在各自的反应槽内与试剂混合，完成化学反应并测定。由于混合，反应和检测几乎同时完成，它的分析效率较高。
(2) centrifugal automatic biochemical analyzer, each tested sample is in
the action of centrifugal force, mixed with reagent in each reaction
tank to complete chemical reaction and determine. Because of the mixing,
the reaction and the detection are almost finished at the same time,
its analysis efficiency is higher.
3．袋式自动生化分析仪是以试剂袋来代替反应杯和比色杯，每个待测样品在各自的试剂袋内反应并测定。
3. The bag automatic biochemical analyzer is used to replace the
reaction cup and the color cup with the reagent bag, each of which is
tested and measured in the reagent bag.
4．固相试剂自定生化分析仪(亦称干化学式自动分析仪) 是将试剂固相于胶片或滤纸片等载体上，每个待测样品滴加在相应试纸条上进行反应及测定。操作快捷、便于携带是它的优点。
4. Solid phase reagent customised biochemical analyzer (also known as
dry chemical formula automatic analyzer) is a reagent solid phase on the
film or filter paper pieces and carrier, each sample under test and the
corresponding reaction and determined on the strip. Quick operation and
easy to carry are its advantages.
(二)典型分立式自动生化分析仪基本结构
(2) typical vertical automatic biochemical analyzer basic structure
1、样品包括校准品、质控品和病人样品。系统一般由样品装载、输送和分配等装置组成。
1. Samples include calibration, quality control and patient samples. The
system is usually composed of sample loading, conveying and
distribution.
样品装载和输送装置常见的类型有：
The common types of sample loading and conveying devices are:
(1)样品盘(Sample
disk)，即放置样品的转盘有单圈或内外多圈，单独安置或与试剂转盘或反应转盘相套合，运行中与样品分配臂配合转动。有的采用更换式样品盘，分工作和待命区，其中放置多个弧形样品架(Sector)作转载台，仪器在测定中自动放置更换，均对样品盘上放置的样品杯或试管的高度、直径和深度有一定要求，有的需专用样品杯，有的可直接用采血试管。样品盘的装载数，以及校准品、质控品、常规样品和急诊样品的装载数，一般都是固定的。这些应根据工作需要选择。
(1) the Sample disk (Sample disk), i.e. the rotating disc placed on the
Sample has a single circle or inner and outer ring, which is arranged
separately or in combination with the reagent rotating disk or the
reaction turntable, and the operation is in conjunction with the Sample
distribution arm. Some use the type sample tray, divide work and waiting
area, including several arc rack (Sector) be reproduced, the instrument
automatically placed in the determination of replacement, the sample of
the cup is placed on all of the sample plate or tube height, diameter
and depth of requirements, some special sample cup, some can be directly
with blood in vitro. The loading number of the sample tray, as well as
the loading number of the calibration, quality control, regular sample
and emergency sample, is generally fixed. These should be chosen
according to work.
(2)传动带式或轨道式进样 即试管架(Rack)不连续，常为10个一架，靠步进马达驱动传送带，将试管架依次前移，再单架逐管横移至固定位置，由样品分配臂采样。
(2) the belt type or rail type sample The test tube Rack (racks)
discontinuous, often for 10 a, stepper motor drive belt, will test tube
Rack in turn forward, single frame by pipe transverse to a fixed
position, by sampling sample distribution arm.
(3)链式进样试管固定排列在循环的传动链条上，水平移动到采样位置，有的仪器随后可清洗试管。
(3) the chain feeding tube is arranged in a circular chain, and the
horizontal position is moved to the sampling location. Some of the
instruments can then be cleaned in the test tube.
分配加样装置大都由注射器、步进马达或传动泵、加样臂和样品探针等组成，①注射器(syrine
unit)。根据注射器直径和活塞移动距离的多少，定量吸取样品或试剂。它的精度决定加样的精度，一般可精确到1微升。注射器漏液时，首先考虑是否探针堵塞，其次是注射器活塞磨损等。有的加液系统采用容积型注射泵和数控脉冲步进马达，提高精度。②样品探引(Probe)与加样臂相联，直接吸取样品。探针均设有液面感应器，防止探针损伤和减少携带污染。有的设有阻塞检测报警系统当探针样品中的血凝块等物质阻塞时．仪器会自动报警冲洗探针，并跳过当前样品，对下一样品加样。有的还有智能化防撞装置遇到阻碍探针立即停止运动并报警。即使如此，它仍是非正规操作时的易损件。为了保护探针，除预先需要根据样品容器的高低、最低液面高度等进行设置外、，样品容器的规格、放置以及液面高度等设定条件不得随意改变。在某些仪器上，采样器和加液器组合在一起，加样品和加试剂或稀释液一个探针一次完成。③加样臂。连接探引，在样品杯(试剂瓶)和反应杯之间运动，完成采样和加样(加试剂)。它的运动方式，与仪器工作效率及工作寿命有一定关系。④阀门用以决定液体流动方向。⑤稀释系统。对样品进行预稀释、过后稀释或加倍，对标准原液系列稀释等。不同仪器的稀释方式有所差异，要注意识别。试剂系统亦有稀释功能：
The dispensing devices are mainly composed of syringe, stepper motor or
transmission pump, sample arm and sample probe, etc., syrine unit.
According to the diameter of the syringe and the distance of the piston,
the sample or reagent can be absorbed. Its precision determines the
precision of the sample, which can be accurate to 1 microliter. When
syringe leakage, first consider whether the probe is blocked, followed
by the piston wear of syringe. The hydraulic system adopts the
volumetric injection pump and the numerical control pulse step motor to
improve the precision. The sample Probe is connected with the sample
arm, and the sample is directly absorbed. The probe is equipped with a
liquid surface sensor to prevent the probe damage and reduce the
contamination. Some are equipped with blocking detection alarm system
when the blood clots in the probe sample are blocked. The instrument
automatically alarms the probe and skips the current sample to sample
the next sample. Some of them also have intelligent anti-collision
devices that block the probe and immediately stop the movement and call
the police. Even so, it is a vulnerable part of the informal operation.
In order to protect the probe, in addition to the need in advance
according to the discretion of the sample container, the lowest level
Settings, etc., the sample of the specifications of the container, place
and the liquid level height set conditions shall not be altered
arbitrarily. In some instruments, the sampler is combined with a
reagent, with a sample and a reagent or diluent probe to complete. Add
the arms. Connect the probe, move between the sample cup (reagent
bottle) and the reaction cup, and complete the sampling and sampling
(reagent). Its motion mode is related to the efficiency of the
instrument and the working life. The valve is used to determine the flow
direction of the liquid. The system of diluting. The sample is
pre-diluted, then diluted or doubled, and the standard original liquid
series is diluted. The dilution method of different instruments is
different, should pay attention to recognize. The reagent system also
has the dilution function:
2、一般由试剂储放和分配加液装置组成。
2. It is generally composed of reagent storage and dispensing device.
(1)试剂仓常与试剂转盘结合在起。多数仪器将试剂仓设为冷藏室，以提高在线试剂的稳定期。
(1) the reagent barn is often combined with the reagent rotary table.
Most of the instruments are set up as cold storage in order to improve
the stability of online reagents.
(2)分配加液装置(Dispenseunit)。与样品系统的类似。，试剂探针常常可以对试剂预加温，双试剂系统的试剂2(R2)探针起始量宜较下，以便配合不同R1/R2比例的试剂。
(2) dispensing unit (Dispenseunit). Similar to the sample system. The
reagent probe can often be used to preheat the reagent, and the reagent 2
(R2) probe of the dual reagent system is suitable for the reagent of
different R1 / R2 ratio.
(3)试剂瓶(Bottle)。有不同的形状及大小规格。如 COBAS
MIRAPLUS仪有4、10、15、35ml等规格，瓶底呈凹形，OLYMPUS
Au600仪有30和60ml两种；日立7060仪有20、50、100ml三种等规格。应根据工作量和试剂规格．考虑试剂瓶残留死体积和更换频率，合理选用。独特设计的卡式试剂盒，体积小，防蒸发，方便储存。
(3) reagent Bottle (Bottle). There are different shapes and sizes. For
example, the COBAS MIRAPLUS instrument has 4, 10, 15, 35ml and other
specifications. The bottom of the bottle is concave, and the OLYMPUS
Au600 instrument has 30 and 60 ml. Hitachi 7060 instrument has 20, 50,
100ml three kinds of specifications. According to the workload and
reagent specifications. Considering the dead volume and replacement
frequency of reagent bottle, choose reasonably. Unique design of the
cartridge kit, small volume, anti-evaporation, easy to store.
(4)配套试剂常有条形码，仪器设有条形码检查系统，可对试剂的种类、批号、存量、有效期和校准曲线等货剌，进行核对校验，如BeckmanCX7等。
(4) the matching reagent usually has a barcode, and the instrument has a
bar-code inspection system, which can check and verify the type, batch
number, stock, expiration date and calibration curve of the reagent,
such as BeckmanCX7, etc.
(5)试剂瓶盖自动开关系统，更有利于试剂保存。有的仪器可在运行中添加，更换试剂，有的则须在暂停状态进行。
(5) reagent bottle cap automatic switching system is more favorable for
reagent preservation. Some instruments may be added in operation,
replacement of reagents, or in suspension.
3、一般由扫描系统、信号整形和译码器三部分组成。
3. Generally consists of three parts: scanning system, signal shaping and decoder.
扫描系统以光源扫射黑条白空相间的条码符号由于条和空对光的反射不同、不同宽窄的条符反射光持续时间不同，产生强度不同的反射光．再经光电转换元件接收并转换成相应强度的电信号，最后通过信号整形，由译码器解译。系统自动识别样品架及样品编号识别试剂、校准品及其批号、失效期，有的并可识别校验校准曲线等信息。
Light of scanning system with black and white empty of bar code because
of the article and empty light reflecting different, different width of
the reflected light duration is different, have different reflected
light intensity. The photoelectric conversion component is received and
replaced with the corresponding intensity of the electrical signal.
Finally, the decoder is interpreted by the signal shaping. The system
automatically identifies the sample rack and the sample number
identification reagent, calibration products and their batch number,
failure period, and can identify the calibration curve and other
information.
实验室常用条形码类型有CODE 39、CODE 128、2 of Standard、Interleaved2of 5等。要自编样品条形码需要条形码输入器，条形码阅读系统与条形码要匹配。已有全自动试管分配暨条形码粘贴准备系统。
There are CODE 39, CODE 128, 2 of Standard, Interleaved2of 5, etc. To
create a sample barcode, you need a barcode input, a barcode reading
system to match the bar code. Fully automatic test tube distribution and
bar code paste preparation system.
4、反应系统
4. Reaction system
(1)反应盘装载一系列反应比色杯（Cuvettes）,多为转盘形式。反应测定过程中按固定程序，在加样臂、加液臂、搅拌棒、光路和清洗装置之间转动。有的仪器在反应杯中完成反应后再吸入比色杯比色，现在更常见反应和检测同在比色杯中进行，效率更高，尤其适于连续监测法。比色杯多采用硬质石英玻璃、硬质玻璃、无紫外光吸收的丙烯酸塑料等，使用寿命不一。Dimension系列的比色杯在机器内自动制造，自动封口，免冲洗，无污染。流动池式主要在小型分析仪用。容积一般几十微升，但抽液管道占用较多反应液，多样品连续使用，增加交叉污染机会。
(1) the reaction plate loads a series of reaction cups (Cuvettes),
mostly in the form of a turntable. During the process of the reaction,
the process is fixed by the process of rotation between the adding arm,
the adding arm, the mixing rod, the light path and the cleaning device.
Some instruments react in the reaction cup and then inhale the color of
the color cup. Now, more common reactions and tests are carried out in
the color cup, which is more efficient and is especially suitable for
continuous monitoring. The color cup USES hard quartz glass, hard glass,
acrylic plastic without uv absorption, etc., with different service
life. The color cup of the Dimension series is automatically
manufactured in the machine, automatic sealing, free flushing and
pollution-free. The flow pool type is mainly used in small analyzer. The
volume is generally a few tens of microliters, but the pumping pipe
takes up a lot of reaction fluid, and multiple samples are continuously
used to increase the chance of cross contamination.
蠕动泵(Pump)。半自动生化仪需要蠕动泵抽吸反应液进人流动比色池作测定。要求定期对蠕动泵校准，即通过吸人定量的水来检验泵的吸液量是否准确。一般均设有泵校准功能。
Peristaltic Pump (Pump). The semi-automatic biochemical analyzer
requires the squirming pump suction reaction fluid to enter the flow
ratio of the color pool. It is required to calibrate the peristaltic
pump on a regular basis, which is to check whether the suction volume of
the pump is accurate by absorbing quantitative water. Generally have
pump calibration function.
(2)混合装置(Mixing unit) 如采用多头回旋搅拌棒(二头双清洗式搅拌系统)。搅拌棒常具特氟隆不粘涂层，避免液体粘附。
(2) the Mixing device (Mixing unit), such as adopting swirl of bull stir
bar (two double clean type Mixing system). The stir-stirring rod is
often a teflon non-stick coating to avoid liquid adhesion.
(3)温控装置生化分析仪通过恒温控制装置来保持孵育温度的调控和恒定也是由计算机来控制的，理想的孵育温度波动应小于±01℃。保持恒温的方式有三种。
(3) temperature control device biochemical analyzer through constant
temperature control device to keep the incubation temperature control
and constant are controlled by computer, the ideal incubation
temperature fluctuations should be less than + / - 01 ℃. There are three
ways to keep constant temperature.
①空气浴恒温：即在比色杯与加热器之间隔有空气。空气浴恒温的特点是方便、速度快、不需要特殊材料，但稳定性和均匀性较水浴稍差。罗氏(Roche)的cobas和0lympus Au2700系统采用的就是空气浴恒温模式。
Air temperature: there is air between the cup and the heater. Air bath
constant temperature is convenient, fast speed, not need special
materials, but stability and uniformity are slightly worse than water
bath. Roche's cobas and 0lympus Au2700 system use air - bath
thermostats.
②水浴循环式：即在比色杯周围充盈有水，加热器控制水的温度。水浴恒热的特点是温度恒定，但需特殊的防腐剂以保证水质的洁净，且要定期更换循环水。日立系统生化分析仪采用的即是水浴循环恒温装置。
Water bath cycle: the temperature of the heater to control the water.
The constant heat of water bath is characterized by constant
temperature, but special preservatives are needed to ensure the
cleanliness of water quality and to replace circulating water regularly.
Hitachi system biochemical analyzer adopts the water bath circulating
thermostat.
③恒温液循环间接加热式：结构原理是在比色杯周围流动着一种特殊的恒温液(具无味、无污染、惰性、不蒸发等特点)。比色杯和恒温液之间有极小的空气狭缝，恒温液通过加热狭缝的空气达到恒温，其温度稳定性优于干式，和水浴式循环式相比不需要特殊保养。
The principle of structure is that there is a special kind of constant
temperature fluid around the color cup (which is tasteless,
pollution-free, inert and non-evaporative). Colorimetric cup and
constant temperature liquid between a tiny air slit, constant
temperature liquid by heating the air slit at constant temperature, the
temperature stability is better than that of dry, compared with
circulating water bath type does not require special maintenance.
5、探针和搅拌棒采用激流式等方式自动冲洗。
5. The probe and stirring rod are automatically washed by the shock type.
清洗装置一般由吸液针、吐液针和擦拭刷组成。清洗工作流程为吸出反应一吸于一注入纯水一吸干一擦干。清洗液有碱性和酸眭两种。一般说来，在吸出反应液后，仪器先用碱性液冲洗，再用酸性液冲洗，最后用去离子水冲洗三遍。擦拭刷的功能是吸去杯壁上挂淋的水，刷体内部有负吸装置。使用进程中要注意擦拭刷是否磨损。
The cleaning device is usually composed of a suction needle, a liquid
injection needle and a wiping brush. The cleaning process is to suck out
the reaction and absorb the water and dry. The cleaning fluid has two
kinds of alkaline and acid. Generally speaking, after the reaction
liquid is sucked out, the instrument is washed with alkaline liquid,
then washed with acid solution, and then washed with the water of
deionized water three times. The function of wiping brush is to suck the
water on the wall of the cup, and there is a negative suction device
inside the brush. Use the process to see if the brush is worn or not.
值得注意的是，对于常规冲洗还不能清除交叉污染(carry—over)的实验要特别处理，以减少交叉污染或携带污染。例如，胆固醇测定试剂中的胆酸盐对血清总胆汁酸的测定有干扰，在消除交叉污染的程序中，可输入程序，指令总胆汁酸不在测试胆固醇的比色杯中进行测定，如不能避开，仪器则对比色杯进行特别冲洗，防止发生交叉污染。
It is important to note that there is no need to remove
cross-contamination (carry - over) experiments in order to reduce
cross-contamination or pollution. Cholesterol determination of cholic
acid in reagent, for example, there is interference in the determination
of serum total bile acid salt, in eliminate cross contamination in the
program, can input program, instruction of total bile acid is not test
cholesterol than color glass are measured, such as can not avoid,
instrument contrast color cup for special wash, prevent cross
contamination.
冲洗水的水温自动控制到与恒温反应槽温度相近，保证反应系统的恒温，并增加去污力。急诊测定后采用针对性清洗，似乎比采用固定的全面清洗程序更有效率更经济。耗水量仪器间相差较大。
The water temperature of flushing water is automatically controlled to
the temperature of the thermostatic reaction tank, which ensures the
constant temperature of the reaction system and increases the
determability. The use of targeted cleaning after emergency measurement
seems to be more efficient and economical than a fixed, comprehensive
cleaning procedure. There is a big difference between the water
consumption instruments.
ABBOTT AEROSET 自动生化分析仪等系统具有自动清洗功能(smart
wash)和最佳标本顺序选择功能(OSS)。即仪器根据试剂或样品间交叉污染的项目组合，自动改变检测顺序，避免互有影响的分析项目；确实无法回避时，则采用选定的特殊清洗剂作自动清洗。
The automatic biochemical analyzer and other systems of ABBOTT AEROSET
have automatic cleaning function (smart wash) and the optimal selection
function (OSS). That is, the instrument can automatically change the
order of detection and avoid the mutual influence of the analysis
project based on the cross contamination of the reagent or sample. When
it is impossible to avoid, the selected special cleaning agent should be
used for automatic cleaning.
6、比色系统
6. Colorimetric system
(1)光源多数采有卤素灯，工作波长为325～800nm。卤素灯的使用寿命较短，一般只有1 000～l 500小时。当灯的发光强度不够时，仪器会自动报警，应及时更换，部分生化分析仪采用的是长寿命的氙灯，24小时待机可工作数年，工作波长285-750nm。
(1) most of the light sources are halogen lamps with a working
wavelength of 325 ~ 800nm. The service life of halogen lamp is short,
generally only 1, 000 ~ l 500 hours. When the light intensity of the
lamp is not enough, the apparatus will automatically call the alarm and
replace it in time. Some biochemical analyzer USES the long-life xenon
lamp, which can work for 24 hours and can work for several years. The
working wavelength is 285-750nm.
(2)比色杯 自动生化分析仪的比色杯也是反应杯。比色杯的光径0.5～0.7 cm不等，通常为石英或优质塑料。光径小的省试剂，当比色杯光径小于1
cm时，部分仪器可自动校正为1cm。生化分析仪的比色杯自动冲洗装置在仪器完成比色分析后做自动反复冲洗、吸干的动作，比色杯在自动检查合格后继续循环使用。要及时更换不合格的比色杯。如采用的是石英比色杯，比色杯要定期检查清洗。
(2) the color cup of the automatic biochemical analyzer is also the
reaction cup. The light diameter of the color cup is 0.5-0.7 cm, usually
quartz or high quality plastic. When the light diameter is less than 1
cm, part of the instrument can be automatically corrected to 1cm. The
bichromatic cup automatic flushing device of biochemical analyzer does
automatic washing and drying after the completion of color analysis of
the instrument, and the color cup continues to circulate after the
automatic inspection. To replace the inferior color cup in time. If you
use quartz glass, you should check it regularly.
(3)单色器与检测器各类自动生化分析仪应用的是可见一紫外吸收光谱法，即监测200-700nm光区某特定波长下发色基团吸光度的变化，辅以微机软件系统的计算来完成测定。可见一紫外吸光谱定量的基础是Lamber—Beer定律。
Monochromator and detector (3) the application of all kinds of automatic
biochemical analyzer is a visible ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy,
namely the monitoring area 200-700 nm light a particular wavelength
issued base group the change of absorbance, supplemented by the
calculation of computer software system to complete the measurement. It
is shown that the base of ultraviolet absorption spectrum is Lamber -
Beer law.
传统的分光度测定普遍采用前分光，即在光源灯和样品杯之间先要用滤光片、棱镜或光栅分光，通过可调的狭缝，取得与样品“互补”的单色光之后，照射到样品杯，再用光电池或光电管作为检测器，测定样品对单色光的吸收量(吸光度)。
Traditional adopted widely before spectral photometry, namely between
the light source lamp and sample cup first with a filter, a prism or
grating spectrometer, through the adjustable slit, obtained with the
sample "complementary" monochromatic light, exposure to the sample cup,
with a photovoltaic cell or photoelectric cell as detector,
determination of sample on the uptake of monochromatic light
(absorbance).
而现代大多生化分析仪采用后分光测量技术。后分光测定：将一束白光(混合光)先照到样品杯，然后再用光栅分光，同时用一列发光二极管排在光栅后面作为检测器。后分光的优点是不需移动仪器比色系统中的任何部件，可同时选用双波长或多波长进行测定，这样可降低比色的噪声，提高分析的精确度和减少故障率。
However, most modern biochemical analyzer USES post-spectral measurement
technology. Post-spectrometry: a beam of white light (mixed light) is
first taken to the sample cup, then the grating is separated, and a row
of light-emitting diodes is placed behind the grating as a detector. The
advantage of light is not required after any parts of mobile instrument
colorimetric system, can choose double wavelength or more wavelengths
are measured at the same time, it can reduce the noise of colorimetric,
enhance the accuracy of the analysis and reduce the failure rate.
生化仪的单色器即分光装置，有干涉滤光片和光栅分光两类。干涉滤光片有插入式和可旋转的圆盘式两种。插入式就是将需用的滤光片插入滤片槽中，圆盘式是将仪器配备的滤光片都安装在圆盘中，使用时旋转至所需滤光片处即可。干涉滤光片价格便宜，但易变潮霉变，从而影响检测结果的准确性，半自动生化分析仪多采用此种滤光片。
The monochromator of the biochemical apparatus is the splitter device,
and there are two kinds of interference filter and grating. Interference
filters have two types: insert and rotatable disk. The insertion type
is to insert the filter into the filter slot, the disc type is installed
in the disc with the filter of the instrument, and it will be rotated
to the desired filter when used. Interference filters are cheap, but
they are susceptible to moisture and mould, which can affect the
accuracy of the test results. Semi-automatic biochemical analyzer is
used for this filter.
光栅分光可分为全息反射式光栅和蚀刻式凹面光栅两种。前者是在玻璃上覆盖一层金属膜后制成，有一定程度的相差易被腐蚀；后者是将所选波长固定地刻制在凹面玻璃上，耐磨损、抗腐蚀、无相差。全自动生化分析仪多采用光栅分光。
Grating spectra can be divided into holographic reflector grating and
etched concave grating. The former is made from a layer of metal
covering the glass, and some degree of difference is easily corroded;
The latter is fixed to the selected wavelength on the concave glass,
wear resistant, anti-corrosion, no difference. Fully automatic
biochemical analyzer USES grating spectroscopic.
